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Caliph al-Mutawakkil (reigned 847–861 CE) was an Abbasid caliph known for enforcing strict regulations on non-Muslims (dhimmis) within his empire, which included mandatory identifying clothing. While not the "Star of David" used by the Nazis, this 9th-century decree is considered an early, historic predecessor to the yellow badge, establishing a "badge of shame" to mark Jews and Christians as socially inferior.
