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At 5% landing failure rate, you can squeeze up to 20 launches out of a reusable upper stage. Whereas you can get only 1 launch from an expendable upper stage.
If the reusable upper stage is 100 metric tons to orbit, and the expendable upper stage is 300 metric tons to orbit, the reusable upper stage will still end up putting more mass to orbit out of an upper stage’s lifetime.
A reusable upper stage will also have the advantage of a material history file.
Local band 299: “the Nazis went after blacks, mexicans, asians 😆…”
Lol. Nazi Germany was allied with Imperial Japan, an Asian country!