There was a meeting between Russian and Chinese military officers in 2023, on how to deal with Elon Musk’s Starlink.
There was a proposal to use an expendable rocket to deploy cubesats to collide with Starlink satellites.
“a single launch vehicle that releases hundreds of low-cost, shoebox-sized CubeSats, which could ram into Starlink satellites.”
It was hoped back then that this could outpace SpaceX’s ability to place new satellites in orbit. In the years since, China has found out that expendable rockets cannot outcompete reusable rockets in orbital upmass.
Since 2023, the giant CZ-9 design went from an expendable rocket with side boosters, to a copy of the fully reusable SpaceX Starship. There are now eight Chinese companies developing reusable rocket stages, including another copy of SpaceX Starship. CASC and Landspace have successfully landed orbital booster stages, after successful orbital missions.